Insulating-support for metallic circuits



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. A. 0. OOUSENS. INSULATING SUPPORT FOR METALLIC CIRCUITS.

No. 506,002. Patented Oct. 3,1893.

xix,

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

A. 0. COUSENS. INSULATING SUPPORT FOR METALLIC 0130mm.

Patented Oct. 3, 1893 i E h 1 P xv R m NB L M m. \m. 5m \\m 3 E g m HE m C. M

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

A. C. GOUSENS. INSULATING SUPPORT FOR METALLIC CIRCUITS.

No. 500,002. Patented 000. 3,1003. 7

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED O. OOUSENS, OF BOSTON, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO CHARLES A. STONE, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

INSULATING-SUPPORT FOR METALLIC CIRCUITS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 506,002, dated October 3, 1893.

Application filed May 6, 1893. Serial No. 4'7 i N mod l To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED C. COUSENS, residing at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented 5 certain Improvements in Insulatin g-Supports for Metallic Circuits, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in the supports for electric wires carried upon poles or house-tops, and is especially adapted to supporting the two parallel wires of metallic circuits.

The object of my invention is to secure an approximately equal degree of insulation between each wire of each metallic circuit and any other conductor, thereby neutralizing the leakage of current out of each pair of wires toward any other conductor or conductors and also equalizing and neutralizing the leakage into the wires of any metallic circuit from neighboring disturbing conductors.

In the drawings forminga part of this specification: Figure 1 is an elevation of a con venient form of my improved support for a pair of wires of a metallic circuit. Fig. 2 is a cross-arm fastened to a pole and supporting three pairs of wires in the old way,-on the left, and three pairs of wires in myimproved manner, upon the right, of the pole. Fig. 3 0 is a cross-arm fastened to a pole and shows respectively on the left and right of the pole, two methods of construction, by which the benefits of my invention are partially realized.

Referring to Fig. 1: B, B, are two ordinary 3 5 telegraph insulators to which the two wires of a metallic circuit are to be attached. These insulators are supported by pins 1), p, from the short cross-arm A. M is a metallic wire joining the two pinsp, p, and wrapped around each as shown. The cross-arm A is insulated from the cross-arm X by the insulator I, which I prefer to construct of a wooden pin S kept saturated with an insulating oil stored in an annular cup a,and protected from the weather 5 by the hood h. Other forms of insulator may of course be used.

In Fig. 2: P is a portion of apole to which is attached a cross-arm X; upon this arm, to the left of the pole, are three metallic cirouits 1, 3 and 5, supported by insulators upon pins in the cross-arm in the usual way. Gircuit l we will assume is a dynamo circuit, and 3 and 5 telephone circuits. Upon the arm X, to the right of the pole, are three other metallic circuits 7, 9 and 11, which we will assume are respectively duplicates of the circuits upon the left, excepting that they are carried upon my improved supports, instead of the old form.

It is well known that the insulation of any electric conductor is never perfect, and that in this respect the various materials and methods employed for the purpose accomplish it only in a greater or less degree. In wet weather particularly, the cross-arms, and even the surfaces of the insulators conduct away from the wires more or less current, which is technically called leakage.

Practical demonstration has shown that my improved construction so far neutralizes or equalizes leakage, that its disturbing effect is reduced to a minimum. The manner in which the leakage causes disturbances between neighboring circuits when the wires are carried upon the old construction of insulators, and the way in which such disturbances are prevented by the use of my improved supports, I account for as follows: Referring to Fig. 2: With the old construction illustrated in circuits 1, 3 and 5, a leakage So from wire 10 of the dynamo-circuit 1, finds its way over the surface of insulator B to thecross-arm X, and thence intothe nearest neighboring wires 1.0 w; and since the path 10 B X, B 20 is shorter than the path L02, B X, B 10 more of the leakage current from w will pass into e0 thaninto 111 Consequently a part of the leakage current will flow through the telephone T and cause a disturbance therein. In the same manner there will be leakage from one to the other of the telephone circuits 3 and 5; e. g., since the path 1,0 13, X, B 10 is shorter than the path 10 B X, B w more of the leakage current from 10 will pass to 10 than to 10 Conse- 5 quently conversation uttered into telephone T will be heard in telephone. T and vice versa.

In my improved construction, the leakage from 10 over the insulator B will come to I00 the metallic wire M which, being a good conductor, the leakage current will tend to flow through this easy path to B w rather than through A and I to X, all being poor conductors. And further, whatever portion of the current does leak from 108 through 1 to X, and thence through I to the arm A, will be by the metallic wire M equally distributed to the wires 20 ,10 so that there will be no resultant disturbing currentin the telephone T. In the same manner leakage of current from one to the other of the telephone circuits 9 and 11, will be neutralized and its disturbing effect eliminated.

I sometimes prefer to construct the short cross-arm A (Fig. 1) entirely of metal, in which case the wire M is of course dispensed with.

I have found by experiment, as indeed is evident from the above description, that a partial benefit of my invention is realized when the wire M of Fig. 1 is omitted; thus, in Fig. 3, showing on the right of the pole such a construction, the leakages from the two wires 20" and 10 of the metallic circuit 7 will flow to cross-arm A and meet at insulator I, and, being of opposite polarity, will tend to neutralize; moreover, any leakage that may pass over insulator I will have approximatelyequal paths on the one hand, over X, 1. A B to te -and on the other hand, over X, 1 A, B to 20 so that approximately equal leakage will take place from wire 10 to wiresw and 10 and consequently the disturbance in telephone T will be much less than on the old form of construction. I have also found, by experiment, as indeed is also evi dent from the above description, that a partial benefit of my invention is realized by simply tying together in pairs the insulators supporting the two wires of each metallic circuit; thus, (Fig. 3) leakage from wire U132 over insulator B prefers to pass over conducting wire M toward insulator B and wire 10 rather than over the cross-arm X which is a much poorer conductor than wire M toward insulator B and wire 20 moreover, so much leakage as does pass over the cross-arm X, reaches the wire M and is equally distributed over insulators B and B to wires 10 and 20 so that less disturbance will be felt in telephone '1 than with the ordinary construction.

I claim 1. The method of preventing the disturbing effects of leakage from or to an electric metallic circuit, which consists in insulating the two wires of the metallic circuit from a conducting support common to each, and insulating said supports from other supports.

2. A support for the two wires of a metallic circuit, which consists of an insulator for each wire, a common conducting support therefor and an insulator between said support and its sustaining structure.

3. A support for the two wires of a metallic circuit, which consists of an insulator carrying a short cross-arm, which in turn carries two insulators to which the wires of the metallic circuit are respectively attached.

4:. The method of preventing the disturbing effects of leakage from or to an electric metallic circuit, which consists in m etallically joining in pairs the two insulators to which the two wires of each circuit are attached.

5. A support for the two wires of a metallic circuit, which consists of an arm to which the two wires of the metallic circuit are attached, and which arm is separated from the support carrying other wires, by a single standard.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 2d day of May, 1893.

ALFRED C. COUSENS.

lVitnesses:

BELLE L. RUGGLES, JAMES H. FLANAGAN. 

